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social gospel
The Social Gospel was a Christian intellectual movement that was most prominent in the early 20th century United States and Canada. The movement applied Christian ethics to social problems, especially issues of social justice such as economic inequality, poverty, alcoholism, crime, racial tensions, slums, unclean environment, child labor, inadequate labor unions, poor schools, and the danger of war. Theologically, the Social Gospellers sought to operationalize the Lord's Prayer (Matthew 6:10): "Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven."〔Cecelia Tichi, ''Civic passions: seven who launched progressive America (and what they teach us)'' (2009) p 221〕 They typically were post-millennialist; that is, they believed the Second Coming could not happen until humankind rid itself of social evils by human effort.〔They rejected premillennialist theology. which held the Second Coming of Christ was imminent, and Christians should devote their energies to preparing for it rather than addressing the issue of social evils.〕 The Social Gospel was more popular among clergy than laity. Its leaders were predominantly associated with the liberal wing of the Progressive Movement, and most were theologically liberal, although a few were also conservative when it came to their views on social issues.〔White, Jr. (1990), and Ahlstrom (1974).〕 Important leaders include Richard T. Ely, Josiah Strong, Washington Gladden, and Walter Rauschenbusch.
Although most scholars agree that the Social Gospel movement peaked in the early 20th century, there is disagreement over when the movement began to decline, with some asserting that the destruction and trauma caused by World War I left many disillusioned with the Social Gospel's ideals〔White, Jr. and Hopkins (1975) and Handy (1966).〕 while others argue that World War I stimulated the Social Gospelers' reform efforts.〔Visser 't Hooft (1928)〕 Theories regarding the decline of the Social Gospel after World War I often cite the rise of neo-orthodoxy as a contributing factor in the movement's decline.〔Ahlstrom (1974), Hopkins (1940), White, Jr. and Hopkins (1975), and Handy (1966)〕 Many of the Social Gospel's ideas reappeared in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s. "Social Gospel" principles continue to inspire newer movements such as Christians Against Poverty.〔Christopher H. Evans, ''The social gospel today'' (2001) p. 149〕
==History==
The term "Social Gospel" was first used by Charles Oliver Brown in reference to Henry George's popular book, "Progress and Poverty", which sparked the ''Single Tax'' movement.
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